Nec Electronics Corporation (Nece) Case Study Essay

INTRODUCTION In early July 2007, the New York based hedge fund Perry Capital proposed to raise its stake in NEC Electronics Corporation (NECE), the then publicly listed subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate, NEC Corporation, from 4.8 percent to 25 percent. The offering was  ¥5,000 a share, at about 60 percent premium. Perry’s investment in NECE traced back to late 2005, the year its first exposure to Asian markets, with the initial investment cost at around  ¥3,200 a share. Perry believed the intrinsic value of NECE was to release after restructuring its business strategy, albeit NECE was expected a loss in FY2005. This paper studies the investment of Perry Capital in NECE, and particularly looks at Perry’s consideration to increase its stake in NECE to 25% at that time. INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN JAPAN As shown in Exhibit 1, the long-lasting deflationary Japanese economy since 1997 probably comes to an end with its CPI rebounded from negative in 2006. At the same time, Bank of Japan has loosed its monetary policy by raising the interest rate above zero since 2006. These two data suggest that Japanese economy is pending an exit from the lost decade. Looking at the Nikkei 225 index shown in Exhibit 2, the bullish trend since 2003 shows the investors are optimistic towards companies’ future earnings. The improving market sentiment stems from the amelioration of Japanese economy, with its GDP growth rate has become positive since 2000, as shown in Exhibit 3. Moreover, Japan’s export industries have been performing well due to its weak currency. Perry’s investment in NECE can be a sensible move as Japan is one of the leading countries in producing innovative technological products. In 2007, Japanese high-tech products secure a significant market share in the world. These industries include automobile, IT, communications, mechanism and robot, new materials, etc. In addition, Japanese firms allocate significant amount of resources in their product R&D area, the efforts paid in improving product quality and promoting innovation enhance Japanese firms’ competitive strength overtime. Essentially, Perry’s investment philosophy is looking at the fundamental of the company, building good relationship with the management, investing in good company, and possibly keeping its portfolio beta at a considerably low level. As Perry’s portfolio has been performing well since its inception, the venture into Japanese market is compliant with its investment strategy, where stocks in Japanese market produce reliable streams of cash flow, and more importantly, there are valuable cheap stocks to pick in Japanese market, these characteristics are aligned to Perry’s taste. CHALLENGES TO INVEST IN JAPAN The first time venture suggests Perry is novel to the Japanese market. As the probability of success of Perry’s investment in NECE highly depends on the assumption made to restructure NECE’s business division, Perry must convince the parent company NEC to share its vision. Agency problem would be a potential challenge for Perry to maintain a good relationship with NEC. As the subsidiary will become a separate entity from its parent company upon listing, it is questionable whether the parent company will longer treat the two different entities equivalently. For instance, will the parent company shift the loss-making divisions to its subsidiary, which then can help the parent company to get rid of loss at the expense of its subsidiary’s financial report? Furthermore, Japan’s system of corporate governance is said lacks of effective protection to minority shareholders. Controlling shareholders in Japan are not required to prove that their dealings with the company are fair, and self-dealing is not formally defined by law. Furthermore, in Japanese model of stakeholder capitalism, management could be entrusted to safeguard the interest of a range of key shareholders, rather than focusing more narrowly on maximizing returns to shareholders, which might weaken minority shareholders’ power in deciding an important issue. FUNDAMENTAL VALUE OF NEC ELETRONICS CORPORATION Perry team made a few assumptions to evaluate NECE in early 2006. Since the exact date of evaluation is not clearly stated in the case, we will first evaluate NECE at 2007 based on the assumptions made and then apply the same methodology to other years. Team Perry used an approach that employed EBITDA multiples for each segment: MCU, CCD and Communications. We use the information from exhibit 7 and exhibit 8 to infer the fundamental value from 2004 to 2007 and future. We then make inference on value of NECE based on 03/2006 and 03/2007 values. Note that information from exhibit 6 and 8 are from 2007. Fundamental Value of NECE at 03/2007 Assumptions used in valuing MCU division: I. MCU is able to match the average EBIT margins of comparable firms, which is 17.70%. II. 15% of the  ¥83 billion depreciation cost is attributed to MCU for the next few years. III. A conservative approach of 9 times EBITDA multiples is used. Assumptions used in valuing CCD division: I. EBIT margins of the remaining business are 5%. II. 45% of the  ¥83 billion depreciation cost is attributed to MCU for the next few years. III. 7 times of the EBITDA multiples is used. Assumptions used in valuing communications division: I. EBIT margins could be negative. II. To avoid loss, exiting this line is an attractive option. III. Estimated cost of exit at most  ¥100 billion. The fundamental value of NECE on 03/2007 is the summation of each division’s fundamental value: Note that the Fundamental value is higher from year 2005 to 2007 except year 2004. EVALUATION ON ASSUMPTIONS USED The first assumption expects MCU would be able to match the EBIT margins of comparable firms. However, there is a large dispersion in the EBIT margins among the comparable firms. The large difference of EBIT margins between the comparable firms could suggests that the cost differentials are significant among these firms. Indeed, the uneven distribution of EBIT margins among comparable firms could also because of the small number of sample size used, which in turn soften the estimation power of this assumption. The second assumption is to give the CCD EBIT margins of 5%. However, as the average EBIT margins of the comparable firms is around 16%, with the range between 7.3% to 42.3%, Ercil’s might probably be too conservative than he should in valuing the CCD segment in NECE. Moreover, Ercil also assumes that he will be able to exit the communication segment at a cost less than 100b which is again a conservative estimation as mentioned in the case. Given the above these assumptions made by Ercil, it seems that he is a conservative investor who prefers to take conservative valuation in his investment discretion. Though his conservatism might make the estimated NECE fair value become less attractive, his prudent investment strategy could probably in turn safeguard his clients’ money in any unfavorable event. Below shows some assumptions made by Ercil that are reasonable. First, instead of using 11x EBITDA multiples to value NECE’s MCU segment, Ercil used a lower of 9x EBITDA multiples. This assumption is definitely acceptable as it is in line with Perry team’s prudent investment strategy. In addition, the depreciation cost allocation made by Ercil seems reasonable. Ercil allocated 45% of depreciation cost into the communications segment, as there was a significant amount of capex used to build the plant in Yamagata in the recent past. Based on Ercil’s assumptions we manage to breakdown NECE balance sheets based on its divisions. This activity illustrates that the EBIT margin estimates are consistent with exhibit 8 and has no mathematical or financial discrepancies in terms of amount allocated to each sectors. EBIT margin for communications segment is indeed negative for year 2007 based on Ercil’s assumption. We observe high expense in communications area possibly due to expropriation of NECE by its parent company, NECE that will be discussed below. POTENTIAL AGENCY PROBLEM ON NECE’s MARKET VALUE Our case analysis assumes that market is efficient, implicating that outsider anticipate potential agency problem within NECE. Besides demanding fair return on their capital, controlling shareholders should ultimately bear all agency costs they create. This is consistent with the journal â€Å"Agency Costs, Mispricing and Ownership Structure† by Sergey, Fritz and Greenwood (Sergey Chernenko, 2010), whereby the case of NECE is used to illustrate the impact of agency cost on market value. Agency problems in subsidiary-parent relationships could stem from 3 scenarios: I. Related party transactions: Based on the journal, following NECE listing in 2003, the development of microchips for NEC’s phone brought in excessively high capital expenditures and research and development expenses to NECE. Following it was the low transfer prices to the parent company, NEC. This is due to the weak fiduciaries duties law on company in the interest of minority shareholders. II. Usurped business opportunities: Indirect influence of parent company on their subsidiaries such as continuing a business venture that profits the parent despite the subsidiaries making losses make it hard to be detected. In particular, NECE incurred excessive R&D cost and capital expenditures to enhance NEC competitive position in the market. III. Minority squeeze outs- Cash-out merger is an example of minority investors being squeezed out. NEC bought back NEC System Technologies 20 months after listing it, evidently showing NEC’s involvement in this form of related party transaction. Based on the journal’s samples, Investors who bought the subsidiaries share upon listing sold their shares back to the parent during repurchase at a loss of 39% to 71%. Therefore, in perfectly efficient market, minority shareholders fully anticipate agency problems. If controlling shareholder is expected to divert resources, the market will price the equity accordingly (lower) than in the scenario where agency problem is absent. One caveat is that, investors might not be fully informed (market is not totally efficient) that in turn creating incentive for agency problems. PROSPECTS OF NECE The fundamental value of NECE is severely undervalued compared to its market value in 2007; this might be due to the agency problem that persisted between NEC-NECE. We conclude that NECE is a potential lucrative investment if Ercil is able to remove the communications segment and thereby removing the potential agency problem in NECE. Nevertheless, the reluctance of NEC to remove the communications segment and the weak protection of minority interest in Japan cast shadow on the prospects on NECE. Worsening the situation, NECE was nearly delisted in 2007, implying that liquidity could have drastically decreased. Note that also the MCU and Other Divisions remains relative stable (slight increase) over the projection years. Historical Performance of Publicly Listed Subsidiaries of Parents in Japan Our findings are consistent with the data given in Exhibit 4. If market is efficient, the incentives for parent company to list its subsidiaries arise either when the market value of subsidiaries is overpriced upon listing or if the parent company’s internal capital is inadequate to fund attractive investment opportunities. In the case NECE, the former scenarios seem to be more plausible as according to the graph above. This could lead to drop in future market performance as market absorbs more information. Source: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15910 According to Fritz (2010), the negative performance of listed subsidiaries over the first 36 months following IPO can be seen via industry adjusted returns of -6.2%,-13.43% and -13.98% over the one-,two- and three year horizons after IPO. This is again consistent with the case of NECE. Both subsidiaries with ex ante scope for agency problem (such as sales relationship) and those where parent has retained little equity despite substantial control over its subsidiaries illustrated poorer performance. On top of that, a great portion of listed subsidiaries were subsequently repurchased by their parent at a discount to the IPO price. The historical performance of publicly listed subsidiaries of parents is consistent with the case of NECE. In this case, NEC hold 20% of NECE total equity but have significant control over NECE operations and sales. This leads to expropriation of minority shareholders and lower market price following IPO. A FEASIBLE STRATEGY FOR PERRY TEAM There are three options for Perry team: to increase its stake in NECE with the expectation that NEC management will eventually share Perry’s vision to dispose the communications segment; to arrange for possible merger and acquisition for NECE; to exit the investment in NECE. To consider the action on the $150 million position in NECE, Ercil is likely to expect the maximum likelihood among these three scenarios. The first option is essentially the proposed increasing stake in NECE by Perry in the case. However, this move requires substantial amount of capital to fund the investment; the investment does not necessarily realize Perry’s objective to dispose NECE’s communications division as NEC will still be the largest shareholder in NECE. Since the investment in NECE in 2006, Perry team has been approaching NEC and asking for NECE business restructuring, the two parties have yet reached a consensus about the issue. It seems that NEC executives are unlikely to change their position in the future as well. The second option is to create a proxy fight for possible takeover or merger of NECE. The biggest impediment in this strategy is the same as the first strategy – the parent company NEC is holding a controlling amount of 70 percent stake its subsidiary, proxy fight might be too costly to execute. Furthermore, it is generally believed this strategy is far from reality because a hostile acquisition for NECE would significantly destroy the business relationship between the acquirer firm and the giant conglomerate, NEC. In addition, it is the time where Tokyo Stock Exchange is placing NECE on a watchlist for possible delisting due to its concentrated ownership structure. For Perry team, unwinding the 5 percent stake (or more if either option 1 or option 2 is adopted) in NECE would mean more difficult after delisting. Perry needs to find a potential buyer for the whole or portion its holdings in NECE. Exit strategy implies to realize the loss in this investment. Suppose Perry bought NECE stocks at an average price of  ¥3,200 per share, NECE share price is around  ¥2,900 per share in July 2007, which means Perry will record a loss of about 10 percent in its investment in NECE. As NECE has been recorded loss during Perry’s investment period, this small 10 percent loss may in turn support the immediate exit strategy, so as to minimize the loss because NECE’s business prospects are full of uncertainties. SCREENING GLOBAL ECONOMIC CONDITION Before making the final decision among the above three options, Ercil will definitely examine the current global economic condition. Generally speaking, if the global market sentiment is positive, it may worth for a riskier investment strategy to seek for higher return. On the contrary, higher return investment securities such as equities markets are usually too risky to attract capital inflow. As government bonds are deemed safe haven for investors, bonds yield curve can give some signal about the likelihood of future economic condition. Ercil examine the U.S. government bonds yield curves and TED spread at that time. It is observed that the T-bills have begun to deviate downward from T-bonds since Q1/2007 (Exhibit 5). Soon after July 2007, TED spread begins to rise (Exhibit 6). The declining short term T-bills yield suggests the investors become cautious and allocate their money in the bonds market. The increasing TED spread may infer the condition of liquidity shortage in the market, where lenders require higher returns for lending out their money. According to bonds yield equation: Forward Rate=Expected Discount Rate Tomorrow+Liquidity Premium As TED spread implies liquidity premium becomes dearer, the declining T-bills yield is attributed to the expected fall in future interest rate in the U.S. market. Simply saying, market anticipates a loosening monetary policy adopted by the Federal Reserve. RECOVER LOSS: JPY/USD EXCHANGE RATE INCREASE While the exit strategy might be a better move after looking at global market sentiment, Ercil will consider whether he should immediately convert the JPY to USD. As exchange rate movement is closely related to interest rate movement between two countries, it is observed that Japan’s interest rate is at 0.50% (Figure 1) while U.S. interest rate is around 5% (Exhibit 7). The huge differential between the two countries interest rate infers the potential gain from going against USD. In addition, given the interest rate parity condition in Forex market, the expected decrease in U.S. interest rate (as the declining yields curves suggest) will probably result in the appreciation of JPY against USD, as shown in Figure 8. In conclusion, if there could be a potential gain from holding JPY against USD, which can in turn recover some of the loss from Perry’s investment in NECE. By holding JPY, Ercil probably can go for his conservative investment strategy by buying fixed income securities, gold and other safer investment assets, or just holding cash. If JPY/USD does not perform as what Ercil predicted, he will only face one side risk (the continual increase in U.S. interest rate that further pumps up USD/JPY) but is protected from the continual decline of JPY (as Japan’s interest rate is near zero that means Bank of Japan is effectively powerless in pushing down its interest rate).

European History Essay

The Third Reich represents one of the darkest moments in Germany history. Established during the height of the fascist frenzy which propelled the National Socialist party to power in post-War Germany, the Third Reich and Nazi Germany are terms which are often used synonymously to describe this particularly ominous period. As a totalitarian dictatorship which replaced the Weimer Republic and officially lasted for a dozen years, the Third Reich was established on the supremacy of the fascist political doctrine and the supremacy of the German Aryan race. Seeking to explore the emergence of Nazi political dominance in the wake of the collapse of the Weimer Republic, this question will explore the political evolution of fascism in Germany. Many questions will be discussed with reference to the creation of German fascism and how it came to be the underlying ideological underpinning of the Nazi regime. Arguing that unlike the Republican parties of the Weimer Republic, Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party never lost sight of politics, this essay will explore the evolution of National Socialism in Germany with an eye to how the Nazis appealed to their constituents and grew, up to, as well as after the Weimer Republic collapsed. An authoritarian political movement which evolved during the early half of the twentieth century, fascism was the dominant political ideology in Germany for more than a dozen years. Championed by the charismatic torchbearer of this new and increasingly powerful political movement, Adolf Hitler brought fascism to the forefront of German politics by tapping into widespread social discontent following World War I. The section below will describe nascent fascism and its early years in Germany. What lead to the development of fascism in Germany? Fascism arose in response to a variety of domestic and international factors following World War I. Fascism can be defined as a militant political movement which promoted a unique mixture of ideology and organization in an attempt to create a â€Å"new type of civilization†. German fascism advanced an ideology of extreme nationalism, secular idealism and national rejuvenation. From a tactical and organizational standpoint, this movement employed the use of violence to achieve its aims and rejected parliamentary democracy. Additionally, it drew upon corporatist ideas of harmony through hierarchy and advocated national efficiency. Revolutionary in nature, it sought to transform and renew German society though a rejection of egalitarianism and by embracing rigid hierarchical classifications. German fascism evolved during the Weimer Republic and was created in opposition to socialism, communism and liberal democracy. It evolved in juxtaposition to the egalitarianism espoused by political movements of the era including communism and liberal democracy and early fascists found fertile ground for their movement in Germany after World War I (Gay 2001). Dissatisfaction on a variety of fronts paved the way for the emergence of the fascist political movement in Germany. From a foreign policy standpoint, many Germans were dissatisfied with the results of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, a peace treaty which ended the Great War and imposed a negotiated solution on the warring parties. Germans were particularly upset with heavy reparations at the Treaty of Versailles including loss of land and steep financial payments culminating in national embarrassment. The Great Depression of the 1930s exacerbated an already dire economic situation in Germany and many Germans turned to a doctrine which promoted the restoration of German national pride through strong government and cultural renewal. In addition to Versailles, another international impetus for the rise of fascism in Germany was the so-called â€Å"Red Menace†, the communist threat to the current political order and the revolutionary appeal of international communism. The fear of communist revolution played into the hands of early fascists who were vocal in their dislike of communism and their rejection of its emphasis on class struggle. Importantly, the Red Menace was also a particular important domestic antecedent for the rise of fascism in both Italy and Germany. As mentioned above, a rejection of class cleavages and the divisive class ideology of communism gave fascism wide appeal among members of the upper strata of German society. A patrimonial society with deep social and economic divisions, Germany was beset by strong social cleavages. Fascism was able to appeal to the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie as well as the working classes in its appeal to a strong and unified and strong Germany. Accordingly, National Socialism is anti-liberal and anti-individualistic; by implication it is irrational, mystical, and romantic; by its results it is totalitarian to the point of religious obsession. That such a world-concept has conquered a nation which is famed for its scientific thoroughness, is mainly due to the fact that National Socialist philosophy coincided with a spiritual vacuum in Germany, created by the humiliation of political defeat and the difficulties of economic post-war adjustment (Loewenstein 1926). As an ideology, fascism promoted a strong and united Germany – extremely important during a period of national embarrassment and deep economic woes – and nationalism was an inherent component of the German fascist movement. Through the oratory skills of Adolf Hitler and a persuasive propaganda machine, the fascist doctrine served to unify all peoples of Germany when in 1933 the Nazi Party carried out their successful machtergreifung (seizure of power) and established the Nazi dictatorship and Third Reich in Germany (Dietrich 1988). The fascist doctrine in Germany also paved the way for the concept of a Greater Germany which required territorial expansion and was a direct cause of outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. As an inclusive doctrine movement which sought to unite all ethnic Germans into one state and against all divisive stripes, Nazism successfully unify the German people under the umbrella of Nazi fascist ideology. Accordingly, early into his assumption of power in 1933, Adolf Hitler implemented Gleichschaltung – literally, to bring everyone together or in line – and consolidated his rule (Fulbrook 2002).

Excellent Human Resources Management

Global Strategy Group Need to change pic Welcome to Samsung Global Strategy Group I. Samsung Overview II. Global Strategy Group (GSG) III. GSG & You IV. Korea & Seoul I. Samsung Overview I. Samsung Overview (Revenue & Global Presence) Fast growth and vast global footprint Samsung Group Revenue Billion US Dollars 247 Global Operations ? ? 141 149 87 Samsung Electronics 80 22 1997 4 2005 2011 Number of Employees: 344,000 worldwide Offices: 510 offices and facilities in 74 countries I. Samsung Overview (Brand Value) Samsung ranked 17th among global companies in 2011 5 I. Samsung Overview (Total 28 Affiliates Companies) Samsung Group consists of various business units Electronics Industry Engineering & Heavy Industry Chemical Financial Services Engineering Total Life Insurance Cheil Worldwide Economics Research Institute C&T Corporation Petrochemical Fire & Marine Insurance Everland Inc. S1 Corporation Heavy Industries Fine Chemicals Samsung Card The Shilla Hotels & Resorts Medical Center BP Chemicals Securities Cheil Industries Inc. Asset Management Electronics SDI Other Companies Electro-Mechanics Corning Precision Glass SDS BioLogics Venture Investment Techwin Display 7 Affiliates 5 Affiliates 6 Affiliates 7 Affiliates 5% of Group Revenue 6 3 Affiliates 14% of Group Revenue 3% of Group Revenue 15% of Group Revenue 3% of Group Revenue I. Samsung Overview (SEC Device Business) Electronics (Device) 7 World Leading Consumer Electronics Manufacturer I. Samsung Overview (SEC Device Business) Market leadership in various products Flat Panel TV 28. 3% 1 29. 1% 1 30. 1% LCD TV 28. 5% 1 28. 9% 1 29. 8% Han dset 19. 4% 2 20. 6% 2 21. 2% Monitor 17. 0% 1 16. 3% 1 17. 1% A4 Printer 19. 0% 2 19. 8% 2 19. 3% 11. 6% 3 13. 3% 2 13. 4% Refrigerator 8 I. Samsung Overview (SEC Component Business) Electronics (Component) 9 Powering Today’s Devices I. Samsung Overview (SEC Component Business) Market leadership in various products DRAM 33. 6% 1 37. 4% 1 42. 2% Flash Memory 40. 6% 1 38. 6% 1 37. 0% Mobile Camera Sensor 28. 0% 1 28. 0% 1 27. 8% Smart Phone Processor 47. 6% 1 70. 3% 1 70. 4% 8. 7% 4 9. 8% 2 8. 9% LED Component 10 I. Samsung Overview (Other Electronics Companies) Complementary Technologies to the Core Device and Component Businesses Electronics (Others) Samsung SDI Samsung SDS System Integration Company Business Process Data Center & Cloud Smart Cities & Convergence Pioneering Green Solutions Energy Storage System Lithium Ion Battery PDP Samsung Display 1 Display Company OLED 11 LED Other Mobile Device Screen Samsung Electro Mechanics World Leading Electronic Part Company TV Parts (IP Board) Mobile Parts PC Part (Network Module) (Camera Module) I. Samsung Overview (Engineering & Heavy Industry) Leading companies in construction & shipbuilding Engineering & Heavy Industry Samsung C&T Samsung Engineering Burj Khalifa Pet ronas Tower (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) Indian Oil Co. , Ltd. Refinery Project (Barauni, India) Saudi Arabia Olefin Plant (Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia) Samsung Heavy Industries Built world’s first drillship for Arctic Regions 12 Leading builder of large container ships (16,000 TEU) I. Samsung Overview (Financial Services) Financial Services Domestic leader in financial services with global aspirations Samsung Insurance Samsung Asset Management #1 Insurance in Korea #1 Asset Management in Korea Samsung Credit Card Samsung Securities #2 Credit Card in Korea 13 #1 Investment Banking In Korea I. Samsung Overview (Globalization Is the Key for Future Growth) New Business Model & Product Idea 14 Global Expansion and Talent New Business Initiatives I. Samsung Overview (Critical to Develop Global Talent Pool) Diversifying Global HQ Expanding Global Reach Samsung Electronics Target ? Samsung Electronics Target Overseas 45% Number of Global Employees in Korea 60% 2,000 65% 1,500 Head Office 55% 1999 850 40% 35% 2015 2020 1999 2015 2020 Other Affiliates Require Top Global Talent for Further Growth Construction & Engineering †¢ Samsung C&T †¢ Samsung Engineering Financial Services 15 †¢ Insurance †¢ V C, IB & Asset Mgmt System Integration †¢ Samsung SDS Lithium Ion Car Battery & Energy Storage system †¢ Samsung SDI Electro Mechanics †¢ Samsung Electro-Mechanics Resort & Environment Business †¢ Everland II. Global Strategy Group II. Global Strategy Group (History) Since its inception by Chairman Lee in 1997, GSG has been recognized as a credible and highly visible strategic partner to Samsung’s top executives â€Å"We need high caliber global talent who can reveal to us a fresh perspective on trends and the latest information. Let us develop talent to become global managers abroad by familiarizing them with Samsung. † â€Å"I greatly appreciate the performance of GSG. Their project work never fails to give me new perspective. I sincerely hope to work close together down the road. † Kun-hee Lee, Chairman Gee-sung Choi, Vice Chairman Samsung Group Corporate Strategy Office 2011 17 The effect of non-Korean MBAs recruited to Samsung has been like that of a steady trickle of water on stone. The environment has slowly became more friendly to ideas from abroad. II. Global Strategy Group (Role of GSG within Samsung) Pool of foreign talent acting as strategic advisors to Samsung Group Enhance Samsung’s performance with fresh perspectives and innovative ideas Accelerate Samsung’s globalization through various interactions with senior management Develop a pool of global managers who understand Samsung Group and Korea 18 II. Global Strategy Group As Samsung continues to grow, GSG’s role becomes even more important $247B 07 $141B 63 Samsung Group Revenue 45 $87B 20 GS Recruits 25 20 2011 GS Recruits No. of Projects 2005 GS Recruits No. of Projects 1997 ? GSG established 19 No. of Projects ? Built internal reputation ? Greater demand for global talent ? GSG expansion ? Higher number of project requests from Samsung Affiliates II. Global Strategy Group (School Mix) Global Strategists (GS): 78 GS: 5 AM: 5 GS: 5 AM: 4 GS: 4 AM: 8 GS: 5 AM: 1 GSG alumni in Affiliate management (AM): 79 Region of origin Americas 86 Europe 50 Asia Pacific Africa 14 Others 7 GS: 1 AM: 3 GS: 4 AM: 4 GS: 17 AM: 15 20 GS: 4 AM: 4 GS: 4 AM: 4 GS: 2 AM: 4 GS: 5 AM: 3 GS: 1 AM: 0 GS: 5 AM: 5 GS: 4 AM: 2 GS: 6 AM: 9 GS: 5 AM: 6 II. Global Strategy Group (Project Team and Mix) Global Strategists work in small teams on a variety of topics across the many businesses of Samsung Group The Project Team ? Team Members GSG Project Mix ? Conducted total 107 projects in ‘11 – Principal (1) – Engagement Manager(1) – Global Strategist (2) – Project Coordinator (1) Korean – Project Strategist (1) Korean ? 21 Project Travel – Average of 2-3 weeks per project – 100% on select projects ? Project Length – 10~12 weeks Affiliate Mix Functional Mix II. Global Strategy Group (Global Reach) GSG’s project footprint covers the entire world, providing global strategists a truly globalized experience Canada Wind Energy Europe Digital Appliance Marketing Germany Brand Strategy Russia Premium Market Strategy US Contents & Service Strategy Europe Long Term Strategy China Mobile Phone Project India Channel Strategy Taiwan Channel Strategy US Mobile Phone Strategy Africa CTV Strategy Dubai Construction Project Singapore Cloud Platform Strategy Indonesia HR project Australia Renewable Energy Latin America Long-Term Strategy Africa Long Term Strategy 22 II. Global Strategy Group (Project Sample) Title ? Mobile Digital Marketing Client ? Senior Vice President, Marketing Background ? Samsung Mobile GBM asked GSG to develop a consistent global digital marketing strategy Deliverables ? Formulated a unified marketing guidelines for digital, social media & mobile gaming marketing in order to enhance capabilities to execute holistic campaigns Results ? Resulted in the creation of a new global digital marketing team with 17+ members 23 II. Global Strategy Group (Cases of Career Progression) Based on expressed interest and professional experience, Global Strategists enter GSG on two different career paths Year 0 Professional 70% Experience Year 2 Industry Track ? Assigned projects are aligned with industry of focus ? Career Interests Year 1 Transition as early as one year ? Experience roles in strategy, marketing and new business development ? Pursue other international assignments after time in Korea Affiliate Management GSG Career ? Explore varied industries and topics as a consulting generalist ? Develop leadership skills through roles of increasing responsibility ? 24 Year 4 Affiliate Management Consulting Track 30% Year 3 Potential to transition to Affiliate management II. Global Strategy Group (Career Progression Support) Provide support for transition to the line management Operational Support Project Delivery Principal Project Coordinator Project Strategist Work Career Develop Transition Feedback Planning Opportunities Provide advice on transition and support career planning Global Strategist Communicate GSG with Affiliate HR Affiliate Companies 25 II. Global Strategy Group (Cases of Career Progression) Regardless of the amount of time spent in GSG, your experiences will prepare you for a rewarding career at Samsung Year 0 Year 2 Year 4 Year 6 Andrew Umans (GSG ’10, Columbia) Engagement Manager Responsible for working on strategic initiatives across Samsung Group GSG Lindsey Hamilton (GSG ‘09, INSEAD) Senior Manager, Global Marketing Operations Responsible for Brand Strategy for Samsung Electronics GSG GSG Global Marketing Operations Visual Display Division US Subsidiary GSG Global Marketing Operations Mobile Division GSG Digital Media Biz Marketing Latin America Headquarter = GSG 26 = Affiliate Dave Das (GSG ’03, Kellogg) Vice President, Samsung US Home Entertainment Responsible for all Samsung television product marketing in United States = Subsidiary Han Feung (GSG ‘03, Haas) Director & Senior Global Strategist, GSG Responsible for developing consulting capabilities for ll electronics-related areas GSG Visual Display Division Roman Cepeda (GSG ‘03, Wharton) Director, Regional Marketing – Latin America Responsible for overall Samsung Electronics marketing in the Latin America region II. Global Strategy Group (Current Positions of GSG Alumni ) GSG offers the opportunity to develop and shape your career at Samsung’s headquarters and to prepare you for challenges at our global subsidiaries VP. HR, Europe Dir. TV Marketing Sr. Manager, Regional HQ Sr. Manager, Digital Marketing U. K. Dir. Strategy, France Dir. Marketing Vietnam Dir, Corporate Marketing Dir, CTV Marketing Dubai VP. M&A Strategy Dir. Corporate Strategy Dir. Business Innovation Dir. HR and many more†¦. Korea Dir. Strategic Planning Sr. Manager Branding(2) Singapore Sr. Manager Regional Marketing Australia 27 SVP Regional Marketing VP. LCD Marketing VP. Home Appliance Marketing VP. Partnership Dir. Mobile Marketing Sr. Manager Product Innovation U. S. Sr. Manager Corporate Strategy Brazil II. Global Strategy Group (What You Can Achieve in GSG) Enhance consulting skills and expand global awareness Leadership Diverse Industry Knowledge Functional Expertise Problem Solving GSG Cross-Cultural Communication 28 Broad Market Knowledge III. GSG & You Samsung Global HQ in Central Seoul III. GSG & You (Customize Your Careers at Samsung) Strong demand for GSG as strategic leaders and Affiliate managers Industry ? Mobile ? Semiconductor ? Television and Visual Display ? IT Solutions / Network ? Renewable Energy ? Construction / Engineering ? Financial Services ? Pharmaceutical / Biosimilars ? System Integration ? Content & Digital Advertising 30 Function Global Strategists are empowered to pull two key levers to customize their careers at Samsung ? Consulting ? Marketing (B2B and B2C) ? Corporate Strategy ? Branding / Advertising ? Business ? HR Development ? Operations III. GSG & You (Competitive Benefit Package) We provide excellent benefits in addition to competitive compensation Housing Allowance Modern and convenient location Home Leave Ticket Family home leave flight Education Allowance for Dependents Renowned international schools Medical Insurance Best-in-class care Cigna (GSG) 31 Korean National Health Insurance (Affiliate Management) III. GSG & You (Training Program) GSG provides structured training programs Training & Development Korean Language Class †¢ Consulting frameworks Provided for all GS and their partners †¢ Communication skills †¢ Presentation skills †¢ Project & Team management Hypothesis driven work-planning Off-Line On-line Practice Group On-going Coaching †¢ Improve understanding of new trends Experienced consultants provide coaching and performance feedback †¢ Every Friday between 4~6pm †¢ Structured along industry practices Consumer Electronics Device Solutions Mobile 32 Financial Services New Business III. GSG & You (Who Are We Looking For? ) We look for MBAs with diverse backgrounds and global perspectives who can thrive in a team-based, dynamic business environment Teamwork Global Perspective Thrive in groups – flexibility, open-mindedness, patience Capable of understanding global usiness issues Adventurous Spirit Embrace risk and seek new experience 33 Global Strategy Group Diverse Background Have diverse industry, functional & market perspectives III. GSG & You The Gateway to Your Global Career GSG Affiliate Management . Consulting Skills . Functional Expertise . Global Strategic Projects . Execution of Strategy . Diverse Industry Exposure . Transfer to Subsidiaries Developing Samsung’s Global Leaders of Tomorrow 34 IV. Korea & Seoul 01. Modern & Young City 02. Fast and Efficient City 03. Range of Entertainment Options (Clubs, Music, Films, Sports†¦ ) 04. A foreign-friendly city with good support BEAUTIFUL KOREA PRESENTS| 01 Modern & Young City BEAUTIFUL KOREA PRESENTS | 02 Fast and Efficient City BEAUTIFUL KOREA PRESENTS | 03 Range of Entertainment Options (Clubs, Music, Films, Sports†¦) BEAUTIFUL KOREA PRESENTS | 04 A foreign-friendly city with good support Appendix Samsung Group 29 Affiliates web page list Electronics I ndustry Engineering & H eavy Industry Chemical I ndustry Finance & I nsurance Other Companies 42 Affiliate Companies Samsung Electronics Samsung SDI Samsung Electro-Mechanics Samsung Corning Samsung SDS Samsung Techwin Samsung Display Samsung LED Samsung Engineering Samsung C & T Corporation Samsung Heavy Industries Samsung Total Samsung Petrochemical Samsung Fine Chemicals Samsung BP Chemicals Cheil Industries Inc. Samsung Life Insurance Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Samsung Card Samsung Securities Samsung Asset Management Samsung Venture Investment Samsung Everland Inc. The Shilla Hotels & Resorts Samsung Economics Research Institute S1 Corporation Samsung Medical Center Samsung BioLogics Web Page http://www. samsung. com/us/ www. samsungsdi. com www. samsungsem. com www. scp. samsung. com www. sds. samsung. com www. samsungtechwin. com http://www. samsungdisplay. com http://samsungled. com http://www. amsungengineering. co. kr http://www. samsungcnt. com www. shi. samsung. co. kr http://www. samsungtotal. com www. samsungtotal. com www. sfc. samsung. co. kr www. samsungbp. co. kr www. samsungchemical. com www. samsunglife. com www. samsungfire. com www. samsungcard. com www. samsungfn. com www. eng. samsungfund. com www. samsungventure. co. kr www. samsungeverland. com www. shilla. net/en/ www. seriworld. org/ www. s1. co. kr www. samsunghospital. com www. samsungbiologics. com/ GSG School Champion E-mail List Please contact your school champion for further questions School E-mail Berkeley Parkin Kent parkin. [email  protected] com Chicago Yvan Nasr yvan. [email  protected] com Columbia Andrew U. andrew. [email  protected] com Darden Jay / Reginald reg. [email  protected] com / jay. [email  protected] com Dartmouth Andrew P. andrew. [email  protected] com Duke Robert Allen Robert. [email  protected] com HBS Germain Clausse [email  protected] hbs. edu IMD David Sebastio d. [email  protected] com INSEAD Nienke Budde nienke. [email  protected] com Kellogg Johannes & Adrian johan. [email  protected] com / a. [email  protected] com LBS Jean Philppe jp. [email  protected] com Michigan Gil Adato gil. [email  protected] com MIT David Segrera d. [email  protected] com NYU Jawahar Singh j. [email  protected] com Stanford Kimberly Schultz k. [email  protected] com W harton 43 Champion Eyal Yanai eyal. [email  protected] com Haas School Champion Bio – Parkin Kent Name Name Parkin Kent (parkin. [email  protected] com) Class Class Haas, 2011 Previous Exp. Previous experience Cisco Consumer Products (Flip Video & Linksys) Kaiser Associates GSG Start Date GSG start date September, 2011 Current Position Current project Next generation digital advertising strategy for Samsung Electronics Project Highlight Project highlight Meeting with digital advertising thought leaders in NYC, SF and Chicago Words of wisdom 4 Figure out your passion and dedicate yourself 100% Chicago Booth School Champion Bio – Yvan Nasr Name Name Class Class Chicago Booth, 2011 Previous Exp. Previous experience Kingfisher plc (London, Istanbul) Barclays plc (London) GSG Start Date GSG start date September, 2011 Current Position Current project Smart-TV Content Evolutio n Strategy through 2015 Project Highlight Project highlight Worked hand-in-hand with over 15 startups and industry experts to enhance Samsung Smart TV’s UI/Content Words of wisdom 45 Yvan Nasr (yvan. [email  protected] com) Wisdom begins in wonder ! Columbia School Champion Bio – Andrew Umans Name Name Andrew Umans (andrew. [email  protected] com) Class Class Columbia Business School, 2009 Columbia School of International and Public Affairs, 2010 Previous Exp. Previous experience NERA Economic Consulting (Oliver Wyman Group) Value Line Investment Survey GSG Start Date GSG start date September, 2010 Current Position Current project Leveraging Samsung’s businesses in insurance, health IT, and hospitals to create prevention and wellness services Project Highlight Project highlight Discussed potential partnerships with leading data analytics and wellness design companies in the US and Europe Words of wisdom 6 If at first you don’t like kimchi†¦ keep trying. IMD School Champion Bio – David Sebastio Name Name David Sebastio (d. [email  protected] com) Class Class IMD, 2010 Previous Exp. Previous experience Texas Instruments Rakon GSG Start Date GSG start date May, 2011 Current Position Current project System Air Conditioner Channel Mapping for the Digital Appliance Business Project Highlight Project highlight Definition of a Corporate Development fund and process for the microprocessor division Words of wisdom 47 Bring your leadership training to the workplace. Darden School Champion Bio – Jay Subhash Name Name Class Class Darden 2011 Previous Previous Exp. experience Accenture GSG Start Date GSG start date September 2011 Current Position Current project Mobile gaming strategy and partnership development Project Highlight Project highlight Getting a sneak peek at the latest and greatest mobile games Words of wisdom 48 Jay Subhash (jay. [email  protected] com) Turn the fan off at night†¦ Darden School Champion Bio – Reg Jones Name Name Reg Jones (reg. [email  protected] com) Class Class Darden, 2011 Previous Exp. Previous experience NBC Universal MDLinx and M3 USA GSG Start Date GSG start date September, 2011 Current Position Current project Project Highlight Project highlight Understanding how a company as large as Samsung can discover co-marketing and co-selling opportunities. Words of wisdom 49 Multi-Affiliate B2B sales effectiveness study across Engineering, C&T, Techwin, Telecommunications Network Systems, and Digital Appliance System Air-Conditioning. Take several breaks each day to refresh your point of view. Go exercise, enjoy a meal, talk to some friends, and read the news. Dartmouth School Champion Bio – Andrew Persson Name Name Class Class Dartmouth Tuck, 2010 Previous Exp. Previous experience U. S. Chamber of Commerce Advisory Board Company GSG Start Date GSG start date January 2011 Current Position Current project Business model analysis and strategic cooperation with leading developers in Singapore Project Highlight Project highlight Presenting an organizational design overhaul to an insurance Affiliate, and then seeing the implementation of our recommendations Words of wisdom 50 Andrew Persson (andrew. [email  protected] com) Be patient and keep an open mind Fuqua School Champion Bio – Robert Allen Name Name Class Class Fuqua School of Business & Nicholas School of the Environment , 2011 Previous Exp. Previous experience Deutsche Bank, Bear Stearns (pre-MBA) Coastal Conservation League; Glencore (MBA internships) GSG Start Date GSG start date September, 2011 Current Position Current project Renewable energy asset off-taker research and development Project Highlight Project highlight Having presidents and CEO’s of major renewable energy companies reply to your email with â€Å"we’re very eager to speak to you and your team. † Words of wisdom 51 Robert Allen (Robert. [email  protected] com) Be patient ,and when you’re done, be flexible Harvard Business School Champion Bio – Germain Clausse

The Texan Who Conquered Russia Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Texan Who Conquered Russia - Article Example Van Cliburn's However, his talent was clear and could not be denied even by jaded officials.   His performance of Tchaikovsky's 1st Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's 3rd earned him an eight-minute standing ovation, not only because of the technicality and emotion that Van Cliburn offered the pieces but the audience appreciated his deference in choosing Russian composers' works. ,   When consulting Khrushchev on the unlikely decision they, the judges, were about to make, he asked plainly, "Is he the best?" After hearing that he was Khrushchev responded, "Then give him the prize."   This single sentence probably did more for a music career than any other in history. His victory reached the shores of the US almost immediately and was seen as no less than a victory in the Cold War.   Though Van Cliburn claimed that he was unaware at the moment he received the award what the cultural and political ramifications were going to be, it soon became clear as his guileless charm and obvi ous skill were respected and appreciated by the Muscovite crowds. Moreover, his first prize made him a national hero at home.   His heroic status is evident and unique as he was and still is the only classical musician ever to be honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City's Time Square.  However, his talent was clear and could not be denied even by jaded officials.   His performance of Tchaikovsky's 1st Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's 3rd earned him an eight-minute standing ovation, not only because of the technicality and emotion that Van Cliburn offered the pieces but the audience appreciated his deference in choosing Russian composers' works. ,   When consulting Khrushchev on the unlikely decision they, the judges, were about to make, he asked plainly, "Is he the best?" After hearing that he was Khrushchev responded, "Then give him the prize."   This single sentence probably did more for a music career than any other in history. His victory reached the shores of the US almost immediately and was seen as no less than a victory in the Cold War.   Though Van Cliburn claimed that he was unaware at the moment he received the award what the cultural and political ramifications were going to be, it soon became clear as his guileless charm and obvious skill were respected and appreciated by the Muscovite crowds. Moreover, his first prize made him a national hero at home.   His heroic status is evident and unique as he was and still is the only classical musician ever to be honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City's Time Square.   There are some detractors who suggest that the results of the Tchaikovsky Competition were skewed because of the intense pressure on the judges and the creative scorekeeping that was involved. Furthermore, musically some suggest that his performance was not as technically proficient as others, but had an emotional appeal that was hard to resist suggesting that his playing style was a cross between "Horow itz, Liberace, and Elvis Presley."  Ã‚  

Lorenzo's Oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lorenzo's Oil - Essay Example Also featured as an important aspect of this film is the way that the home care nurses treated their patient whom they knew was an invalid. Their negativism was poisonous to the childs environment and contributed to the undue stress that the child and the family were already experiencing. The main thing that inspired me about the family in this movie was the fact that they never allowed anyone to tell them what they could and could not do for their son. The Odones are the epitome of parents who put everything on the line in order to give their son a life. Granted that it may have not been a life that the boy would have chosen for himself and maybe, the boy at a certain point was already begging to die, but what kind of person would give up on his own life when his own family has fought so hard to keep him alive? Lorenzo himself was an inspiration as he bravely battled his physical and inner demons in order to continue with his life and his mission. Unbeknownst to the boy, he became a symbol of hope for all those suffering from ALD and his own family was a beacon of light for those who needed more than just medical jargon being spouted at them. It is because of this positive attitude of the Odones that I was saddened to see Lorenzos two medical nurses display such unprofessional behavior while caring for him. A nurse is by profession a care giver. A person who helps care for those who are ill and assist the family in dealing with their already trying situation. It is never the place of the nurse to dictate to the parents of the patient regarding what kind of medical treatment they think the patient should be having. A nurse should also display an uncanny sense of empathy for the ill and his parents. The attitude of the second nurse in the movie was something that should be disapproved of by any parent. Whether the patient is conscious of his position and condition or not, the latter should always be assumed

Pre-fabricated building (classroom structure) Coursework

Pre-fabricated building (classroom structure) - Coursework Example In essence, despite its relative attraction, complete prefabricated construction is short-term and it is vital that multiple risks and health factors are taken into consideration when considering a complete modular approach in construction of classrooms. The health and safety risks related to prefabricated classroom construction are discussed. This is a more likely risk in prefabrication construction over traditional method of classroom construction. Given that most of the large classroom’s components are constructed off-site, a lot of trust is put on the manufacturer to construct precisely what is required. A single error can be costly to the entire structure. A case in example is the collapse of a parking garage in Miami, Florida. The parking garage, like many of its kind, was developed using prefabricated beams. Consequently, there was an increased need to ensure that the heavy beams, columns, as well as floor plans needed were perfectly aligned and constructed. Sadly, a disaster occurred with one section’s floor slabs disconnecting and falling down resulting into a domino effect. If such were to occur in a classroom, the casualty could be high considering its population density. Although the precise cause of the garage’s accident has not been deduced, investigators believe it was due to constructi on errors. Although the precise cause of the incident is still unknown, investigators believe that it was a construction error rather than a design fault. Conventionally, there is a lot of room for errors in prefab process, more particularly on arrival of pieces to the site. Areas likely to incur errors include the attachment process involving bolting together of the different components. Additionally, the tight time limit required to complete the tasks can lead to higher potential of mistakes in comparison to traditional on-site methods which are typically not associated with fast completion

Implementing a Vision of learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Implementing a Vision of learning - Essay Example Speculative ideas come to existence and opposition cannot be avoided. It is common for a school to have a social responsibility to its community. Some stakeholdrers may take this as a lkeeway to satisfay their own needs. For instance, if a school gets its supplies from the neighbourhood, some peoppel who are close to the new administration may want to be favored in tenders to supply some school needs. Bitterness, opposition and resentment m,ay arise if this is not met (Green, 2009). Gaining support is not an easy task. However, Green (2009) stipulates that confidence can be earned with time by setting standards right from the beginning. Democratization of ideas and acting through professional ethics lays a foundation that gives each stakeholder a mandate that is indispensable. Development of support at all levels from teachers, parents, students and the entire community is sound in letting them know their boundaries of operation. The partnership must however be meaningful so that no group feels aggrieved by the conditions. Accountability is very important. Operating through delegated legislation and holding each individual for their actions helps create a sense of ownership of the tasks that these people are involved in. it is mostly easy to identify and correct errors. This is necessary for effective development (Whitley,

Rule of St. Benedict and the Prayer of St. Francis Essay

Rule of St. Benedict and the Prayer of St. Francis - Essay Example Significantly, a variety of monastic traditions have contributed to the growth of the religious life within the Catholic Church. The regulation of monasticism was mainly carried out by the various religious rules such as the Rule of St Basil and the Rule of St Benedict in the early periods of monasticism and these rules were strictly observed by the monks. However, the Church laws of different denominations began to regulate monasticism in the later periods and there was a great change in the attitude towards these religious rules. The selections from the Rule of St. Benedict and the Prayer of St. Francis as given in the textbook provide an important illustration of the monastic traditions of different periods in the Church history. In spite of their apparent differences, both of these texts make sense in the context of the monastic traditions of the different periods. A comparative analysis of these two texts explains how monasticism fits into the Christian tradition generally and t hese texts provide the most effective demonstrations of the religious rules of different monastic traditions. In an analysis of the selection from the Rule of St. Benedict, one comes to recognize the example of the monastic tradition of the early stages of monasticism.

Bayesian Estimation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bayesian Estimation - Essay Example bability is a number between 0 and 1 which is used to determine, the chances of occurrence of the specific outcome, if an experiment is repeated for 100 times over and over again. The humans are always interested in finding out what happened in the past and what is going to happen in the future as well. The historical article named â€Å"The Future has already happened† delivers the idea of Bayesian statistics very adequately as it states that one can easily extrapolate future events by observing the happenings of the present. Additionally, the main difference between Bayesian and traditional statistics is simple because the former one developed techniques for interval estimation for mean, standard deviation and proportion of target populations. The interval estimation works its numbers in order to find the maximum limit and minimum boundary in between which a parametric value can assume any figure. On the other hand, the traditional statistical theory is based on the belief t hat humans can measure parametric values with perfection and therefore, its followers came up with methods that can supposedly be used in order to determine point estimates of values of the population. The science is believed to be nothing more than a best guess and the whole world is demonstrating change of one kind or another. The point estimates are going to be good for one point in time. However, an interval estimate will be applicable in the fairly distant future. The old Greek scientists were of the view that human intellect is superior and they can estimate each and every thing in the world. Muslim scholars later came up with a logic that supported presence of change in the universe and one time experiment is expected to change in terms of its results in future. Bayesian statistics argue that humans cannot know anything for certain and therefore, they work in order to perfect the estimation techniques. The natural and physical laws do not change but human behavior does as time goes by.

DECISION MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DECISION MAKING - Essay Example It is the duty of a manager to target its customers effectively to ‘support the decision making process’ which is vital for overall performance of a company. Thus, the data warehouse manager of Vodafone had decided to implement the latest technology ‘Sap ® Business Objectsâ„ ¢ XI Solution’. The execution of the software took place in order to develop the security and improve the management of inventory and warehouse data. The reason for taking this managerial decision is to accomplish three factors which are: Presenting the view of Vodafone Egypt internationally Providing better insight about the activities of customer Offering reliable information through console for monitoring The new technology will help the company to perform in-depth analysis and the users do not need to learn new difficult tools. The decision to implementing the new SAP technology was good in the sense that it gave the company an advantage to track the business performance and the top management to receive the summary of the information of it. The new system provides the right to use the superior quality BI (Business Intelligence). Presently, Vodafone Egypt possesses a superior BI system which has incorporated security and it provides the management a regular reporting, suitable dashboard and greater performance management (SAP AG, 2009).

Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Synthesis - Essay Example reporter with the Associated Press, David Crary, brings to focus the conflict of interest that is linked with advertising particularly in relation to healthy living in his article: Group Wants Shrek off Anti-Obesity Campaign. All these articles focus on the different effects of advertising on the population, especially the advertising that does not focus on its effects on the population. The degree of increase in wealth as well as impact on culture that the international companies have attained in the past two decades can be linked to one innocent notion that was established by the management theorists which maintained that for businesses to succeed, they are to create brands but not products (Klein, 1999). Before this time, the main focus of the manufacturers was to produce goods and at one point, it was argued that the reason why the economy of America had not made a recovery from the depression was because the nation no linger knew the importance of making things. This has led to an environment that is full of advertisements which are meant to market all kinds of products by different manufacturers with the aim of increasing their market bases and making as many people as possible know about their existence. Various companies use different forms of advertising including mounting televisions in schools which has been done by Channel one with conditions that all th e teachers should air and the students have to watch the satellite broadcast programs that are aired every day (Baker, 2011). These broadcasts are filled with commercials that have been sanctioned by the schools and the company that is lending the television sets to the schools claims to have an audience that is more than fifty times that of MTV. It rakes in profits from selling two minutes out of every twelve programming minutes to commercials as well as in call contests. Some of these commercials include those that involve Shrek as the spokesman for an anti-obesity campaign. The advertisements that

Oedipus and the Sphinx Essay Example for Free

Oedipus and the Sphinx Essay Know Thyself is sage advice. All Things in Moderation is also a wise saying. King Oedipus, subject of the most tragic story ever written, brought about his own downfall because of his excessive obsession to know himself. And, try as he might, the more he tried to escape his tragic Fate, the closer it got Thus, some say that the moral of the story is, Even if you try to thwart your destiny, you wont succeed. The concept of predestination plays a large role here. For example, if the gods know what will happen, and events are pre-ordained, how can people make free choices or have any semblance of free will? If the gods put challenges in our way that we fail to rise to, are we responsible for the consequences? Would knowing the future, as Oedipus does, cause us to act or behave any differently? The ancient scribe Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King (between 441-427 B.C.E.) for the annual festival where playwrights competed for prizes. These festivals were major civic occasions, with attendance expected of all noted writers. In his play Sophocles goes out of his way to present Oedipus as an extremely capable, beloved ruler. It should be noted that Sophocles never suggests that Oedipus has brought his destiny on himself by any ungodly pride (hubris) or tragic flaw (hamartia), common themes in Greek tragedies. Sophocles also makes a special effort to explain that Oedipus killed King Laius in self-defense, and a major theme in the tragic play is whether one can believe in oracles and seers. The title of the play, from which is derived the story, is often given in its Latin translation (Oedipus Rex), rather than in its original Greek (Oedipus Tyranneus), since the Greek term for king is the English tyrant, which means a monarch who rules without the consent of the people. THE TRAGEDY BEGINS Laius and his wife Jocasta (or Iocasta) were King and Queen of Thebes, a prosperous and famous city state in ancient Greece. King Laius, as many people did those days, consulted Apollos revered oracle of Delphi for advice and to find out what the future held for him. What the oracle announced shocked the royal couple The Delphic oracle said that the Kings son would grow up and kill him! To make matters worse, it was prophesized that the son would marry his mother and produce offspring by her. King Laius and Queen Jocasta were understandably aghast! A short time later Queen Jocasta became pregnant and gave birth to a darling little baby boy. Remembering with fear the oracle of Delphis words, the royal couple of Thebes had the infants feet pierced and tied together thats the meaning of the name Oedipus, swollen feet. (Myth Mans note: this mythical detail makes no sense. It must have been introduced to explain the heros name. (Hold everything, I stand corrected. Here is an informative note sent by reader Adam Johnston on July 1, 2011.) Hey there, Just thought Id let you know that the pointless mythical detail about Oedipus feet being pierced and tied together actually has dual function. It was to ensure that the baby would not survive when exposed to the wilderness. But, more importantly, it is a detail that helps him decipher the answer to the sphinxs riddle later in life. He is a crippled man who walks with a cane, and scholars see this as the assistance he needed to understand the part of the riddle regarding the 3 legs. Just thought you should know! ~Adam (Many thanks to Adam for taking time to bring this to my attention.) Laius and Jocasta knew that their baby son had to be destroyed, but they didnt have the heart to do so themselves. They instructed their most trusted slave to expose the hapless baby on Mount Cithaeron, a wild and beast-filled place where the infant surely would perish. In those days, it was usual to leave an unwanted or defective baby in the wilderness. However, the slave glanced down at the innocent child and took pity on it. Knowing that the royal couple of the nearby city state of Corinth was childless, and desperately desired a son, the slave left the crying infant, its feet still pierced and bound by a pin, in a place sure to be found. Sure enough, a kindly shepherd discovered the baby and brought the foundling for adoption to King Polibus and Queen Merope of Corinth. Oedipus was raised as a son by Polibus and Merope and grew to be a handsome, clever and brave young man, even though he walked with a slight limp from the wounds he suffered when his real parents pierced his feet. One day, while playing with his adolescent friends, he got into an argument with them. They insisted, as mean children sometimes do, that he was a fake son, and not the real child of Polibus and Merope. When Oedipus confronted his parents about this, they denied that he was adopted and swore that he was their legitimate child. They told Oedipus to forget what the mean kids had said, but now he was intrigued. To discover the truth for himself, Oedipus journeyed to Delphi and asked of the oracle, Who am I? The oracle, cryptic as always, replied: You are the man who will kill his father and breed children by his mother. Confused and devastated, the young man started to head back home. Nearing the crossroad, Oedipus decided never to return to Corinth and go to Thebes instead. He dearly loved his parents and thought that by never returning home he would keep them safe and thus overcome his Fate according to Apollos oracle. As he was approaching the crossroad between Delphi, Thebes and Corinth, distraught and deep in thought, Oedipus came upon an old man in a chariot, escorted by a few attendants. It was a narrow passage between two rocks and hard to navigate safely. The crabby old man in the chariot shouted: Get lost! Go away! Get off this road!, striking Oedipus with his long scepter. Adding further injury, the rude, regal old man ran over the young mans sore foot with his chariot wheel. Oedipus angrily grabbed the staff from his tormentors hands and hit him on the head, killing the old man. The same fate befell the attendants, who tried to attack and arrest Oedipus he valiantly fought and killed them too, save for one servant, who ran away in panic when the battle broke out. Hey, he just wanted to cross the narrow passage, thats all! Besides, Oedipus was simply defending himself, and he got there first! Little did Oedipus suspect that the old man he had just slain was his own father, and that the first part of the oracles prophecy had come true

Gothic Culture: History, Culture and Art

Gothic Culture: History, Culture and Art To find the influence of Gothic culture was been easy for popular culture. However, to give a clear definition for Gothic culture was been difficult because different connotations and quality of uncertainty was had in the term of Gothic in different social-cultural group. For examples, industrial or classical music, Goths like that, but it was not gothic. For another examples vampires and interest in death, were gothic, in spit that many Goths disliked. Such as bands like Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails, were thought of as gothic by some people, but they were not gothic. And such bands like Sisters of Mercy and Dead Can Dance, did not call themselves gothic even if they were considered gothic by most people. It was an ambiguous label with many people using it that didnt understand the meaning. The people who did understand it often had many different definitions. The background of gothic culture The term Gothic was used to symbolize forms of art of the Middle-Ages. The Middle-Ages was referred to the period between the Classical era and the Renaissance. For the Italians hated that the Goth destroyed the Roman Empire at that time, it meant barbaric and boorish that they called the period as Gothic. Around at 1800, the culture of the Middle-Ages and its related things gradually became a kind of fashion in some peoples eyes in the Romantic Movement. The romanticism was the center of this cultural movement. The romanticist was willing to jump up from the limit of history. Some wished they had returned the Middle-Ages, some looked for the ideal from the religion or the mysticism, and some tried to find the answer in the nature. In the whole Romantic Movement, Goth began to be considered it as related to dark, exotic, ghosts. For example, the romantic and gothic writers such as Byron, Shelley, Baudelaire, as well as Verlaine were engrossed in the expression of the dark side of human beings. At this period, many gothic novelists were constantly emerging. Gothic literature was a challenge to the orthodox thought pattern in the current temporal society. Gothic sentiment had a very clear manifestation in the visual arts. The dark and the desolation were drawn by the painter such as Caspar David Friedrich. The Gothic style in the realm of architecture had been becoming fashionable. In the80s of 20th century, modern Gothic movement started in the UK. The emergence of the Gothic movement might be considered as the continuity of punk movement. The people were shown the influence of Gothic spirit in musical field. It was known that The Gothic music took human gloomy and empty as the theme. Moreover, death was focus on as an intense interest. Slowness, sadness, and even terror, were the characteristics of the music. The History of Gothic culture Generally speaking, the origin of gothic movement was considered as Bauhaus released the song Bela Lugosis Dead in 1979. The first generation of the movement emerged in the UK, which was a splinter from the punk movement. Bands, such as the Damned, Bauhaus, the Banshees and Siouxsie who were called so later were the first generation which didnt consider them as Gothic at that time. In the early 1980s, the gothic movement was flourished with bands like the Sisters of Mercy at the forefront. However, the movement was going off by the middle to late 1980s. In the late eighties and early nineties, a new and second generation of gothic bands grew to breathe new life into the scene. They regularly called themselves Gothic in contrast with the first. Examples would include The Shroud, Rosetta Stone, and London After Midnight. At the same time the US Goth movement turned up significantly. Gothic became recognized as a distinct subculture. Gothic music and culture grew and branched out into various subsets. The boundaries of gothic what had previously been considered were expanded. It was apparent that widespread mainstream was interested in the gothic subculture in recent time. The behavior was many quirks of gothic culture have filtered into mainstream culture, such as an interest in the supernatural and dark aesthetics. In the late 1990s a distinct third generation emerged to shape the future progression of the gothic movement. The third generation stood for an explosion in the number of people referring to themselves as gothic. Many people had learned about gothic culture because the present widespread commercial was available. Shock Rock (Marilyn Manson) became the spotlight onto this subculture. The term of Spooky kids was often used for these youths. The first and second generations of Goths looked suspiciously upon the new generation, who doubted their authenticity and disliked the exposure they gave to a subculture which would prefer to remain underground. It would be difficult to predict what the future held for the Gothic movement. Gothic culture and Gothic art As above exposition on this topic, it was indicated that to give a definition of Gothic culture was difficult. However, Gothic art given birth by Gothic culture included the following parts: the Gothic literature, the Gothic film, the Gothic music, the Gothic painting, the Gothic architecture, the Gothic fashion. Gothic literature Gothic fiction as a kind of Gothic literature would be introduced in this paper. It belonged to the English literature faction which generally considered come forth as the novel Ao Telang Fort map written by Horace Hua Er Boer. It was Ann Radcliffe (1764-1823) who established truly the standard style of Gothic fiction. Her novel The Mysteries of Udolpho was published in 1794. The Casles of Athlin and Dunbayne was published in 1789. The Romance of the Forest was published in 1791. The Italian was published in 1797. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley, the wife of England poet Shelley, in 1818, which was considered as the first true sense of science fiction in the world. However, Gothic fiction had waned in U.K. of 1840. It was because that too many cheap writers created cheap horror fictions and over-exposure of sexual description. The works of violence came out to greatly reduce the status of the Gothic fiction. In spite that Gothic fiction had a deep effect on the literature of Victorian era, it set off a wave of short ghost stories at that period. Moreover, it brought into being Allen Poes story with the theme of death. It was called back after the rush of Victorian ghost story. It was in 1880 when the Gothic-style novel was revitalized as a kind of semi-orthodox literature. Stevenson and Wilder were the writers in this period. The most popular villain of Goth was birth in the fiction Dracula written by Bram Stoker. The character often came out in the Gothic film later. Gothic film The first influential gothic film was Haxan directed by a Swede Benjamin Christensen in 1921. After a year, Germany director Murnau shot a film Nosferatu which became the first landmark of the Gothic Film in the history of mankind. American director Browning took the story about Vampire Count Dracula on the big screen in accordance with Stokes Original novel in 1931. This film is Vampires Breakfast that is the first Gothic talkie. French director Georges Franju shot a film Eyes without a Face which is the first classical Gothic film without Vampire image. It is worth mentioning that the Hollywood Desire directed by Tony Scott in 1983 of the whole 80s. Gothic film was truly ushered in a golden period of development until the 90s of last century. The U. S. director Tim Burton shot a film Edward Scissorhands in 1990. The film Sleepy Hollow was released in 1999. The Hollywood director Coppola shot a film Dracula. And other films such as Interview with the Vampire shot by Irish director Neil Jordan, the Crow shot by U.S. director Provas, and Dellamorte directed by Italian Michele Soavi were worth watching. A surprising film Brotherhood of The Wolf was shown to the gothic fans all over world by Franch director Gans in 2001. Two years later, another surprising was 3D animation Kaena. At the same time, the topic of Gothic film was more and more extensive instead of the solo theme of epic. Gothic film started to move closer to the traditional type of film, and gradually blend of the characteristics of other traditional types. It made the audience accept them easier. The three American films as Queen of the Damned, Underworld in 2003, and Van Helsing directed by Stephen Sommers in 2004 were the representatives. Gothic music It was usually considered that Gothic music is gloomy, icy, and decadent, making an atmosphere with terror. The people were gotten to feel oppressive and hopeless. Full with artistic spirit, the willing to death and black color was often expressed. Its mood was full of being tired of the world. It listened like bone-chilly, with a fine sense of beauty. At the same time, lots of inconsistent tone were deviated from the melody line and were inserted at the range level. Extreme contempt for all the traditional music was shown. In the lyrics and at the performance level, a desolate life and erotic was expressed by the singer. The state of reality was disgusted, and the executed fun of spiritual abyss was pursued. Nowadays so called Gothic music exactly refers to Goth Rock. This music genre was brought out in the 80s of the 20th century. It had no relation to the original meaning of the term Goth. It was so called Goth just because the elements of horror and darkness were borrowed from Gothic fictions of the 18th or 19th century. The origin of Gothic Rock was affected by two parties. One was post-punk movement at the end of 70s. The other was Gothic fiction of the 18th or 19th century. The inclination of restoring ancient ways was demonstrated clearly in Gothic music that was applied by opera voice. There were some famous Gothic bands such as Autumn Tear, Bauhaus, Christian Death, Dead Can Dance, Death In June, Nick Cave The Bad Seeds, The Cure, Fields of the Nephilim, The Sister Of Mercy, and The Swans. Gothic Painting Font The zenith of Gothic painting was between the 14th and the 15th century. In the end period of the 20th century, a very big effect had been put in the field of painting by the development of computer technology. To draw by computer board was tried by many painters. Gothic painting was driven into a new realm. For example, Linda Bergkvist, born in Sweden, made a lot of Gothic-genre CG cuts. Gothic Fonts had many different styles with classic and luxuriance. An example was the title of the cover of Death Note. Gothic Architecture Gothic architecture was a kind of architectural style, prosperous in the Middle-Ages. It was evolved from Romanesque architecture, and inherited by the Renaissance. It was originated in France in the twelfth century. It was continued until the sixteenth century. Acuminate arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses were included in the features. Most of all were seen in the Catholic Church, as well as the secular buildings. An important position was occupies by Gothic architecture with its high degree of technical and artistic achievements in history of the construction. The most famous Gothic architectures were such as Assumption Cathedral of Russia, Duomo del Mialno of Italy, the Cathedral of Cologne of Germany, Westminster Abbey of England, Notre Dame Cathedral of France were. Duomo Del Mialno of Italy was the biggest one in the world. Gothic Fashion The sublime related to fear was considered the foundation of Gothic aesthetics. The well-known England Esthetician Edmund Burk divided calli- beau into the beautiful and the sublime. When he discussed the sublime, he had already talked about the strongest emotion of mankind is fear. And he linked the sublime with the fear. In the eighties, the Gothic style clothing was evolved from Gothic music. Black-dyed long hair, pale skin, tight black cloth, pointed boots and a large number of silver, mostly used by religious design of early Europe and Egypt . However, these clothing was not accepted by mainstream fashion designers at the time because of its somewhat negative, aggressive and brutal style with the distribution of revolt spirit. Until nowadays, Gothic clothing style was popular again. Then clothing is not only limited to order superfine cloth by small workshops. It was started to pay attention by the designer of some great dress brands, such as Kenzo, Anna Sui, Issey Miyake and so on. The Reason for Goth Become a Popular Culture from Subculture According to the analysis of Goth cultures history, I think there are some reasons for Goth become a popular culture from the original subculture. Firstly of all, the rich spiritual connotation of Gothic culture was the basis for keeping its sustained vitality. Secondly, a more easily accessible channel was supplied to ordinary people by the popularity of mass media, especially the advances in computer technology. Thirdly, the business value behind the culture was cared by some big commercial companies, such as film studio, record company, clothing company with a great brand. It was invested. The consumption goods of this style were made for market sale. That pushed the development of Goth from subculture into popular culture. Fourthly, the buying ability of young people, with a strong ability to accept popular culture, was obviously enhanced, with the development of the world economy. The promotion of the Goth culture was speeded up.

Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Case Studies

Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Case Studies The main aim of this essay is to understand different aspects of medical conditions ranging from pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, and the management of two case studies. The first case study deals with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The second case deals with peptic ulcers and gastric esophageal reflux disease. To address both patients’ medical condition, knowing the condition’s pathophysiology is quintessential. Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints, which affects the slippery tissue called cartilage which covers the joints (Kapoor, Martel-Pelletier, Lajeunesse, Pelletier Fahmi, 2010). The cartilage in healthy individuals ensures smooth sliding of bones over each other and better shock absorbance. In osteoarthritic patients, wearing of the top layer of cartilage leads to rubbing of bones against one another (Swift, 2012). This causes inflammation of the joint evident from swelling, pain and limited joint activity as time progresses (Kapoor et al, 2010). Excessive rubbing leads to gradual decrease in bone mass with loss in shape, bone spurs growing at edges of joints and a more painful condition manifested by floating of broken bones at joints in joint spaces (Swift, 2012). Osteoporosis on the other hand is marked by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation causing loss of skeletal mass (Huether McCance, 2012). In the normal physiological condition, bone resorption and formation are always in balance, thus maintaining the bone strength and mass. Any disorder in these two processes such as increased resorption or decreased formation can lead to osteoporosis (Huether McCance, 2012). In the above case Claire reported a fall and trauma which is a common symptom in an osteoporosis case. The common modifiable risk factors associated with osteoporosis are vitamin D and calcium deficiency (Wickham, 2011). Similarly cola, alcohol intake and smoking are three modifiable factors which can increase the chances or severity of the disease. Excessive alcohol or cola drinks intake leads to secondary osteoporosis by affecting bone formation, absorption of calcium and vitamin D, and disorder in calcium regulating hormone (Metcalfe, 2008). Estrogen deficiency can lead to post menopause condition where bone resorption is faster than bone formation (Marini Brandi, 2010). Lack of physical activity can make Claire prone to osteoporosis (Metcalfe, 2008). Along with the above mentioned modifiable factors there are certain non-modifiable factors on which the control is less. Aging is the first factor which can lead to such disease (Barreiro, Acosta, Marquez, Rodriguez, Arriaga, 2013). In ageing, the supply of osteoblasts decreases against the demand of the body. Similarly genetic predisposition and epigenetic are non-modifiable factors, the mother’s health status during pregnancy, child birth weight and weight at 1 year are predictive of bone mass till 70 years in female (Marini Brandi, 2010). The bone diseases like rheumatoid arthritis can also leads to osteoporosis (Huether McCance, 2012). Experiencing pain may be the first factor Claire experiences with her osteoarthritis (Swift, 2012). The drying of synovial fluid leads to stiffness of joints which may have been felt by Claire in her hip and knee joints (Swift, 2012). The constant presence of stiffness may lead to muscle weakness in that area. The weakening of muscles, drying of fluid, and inflammation combined effect may restrict her movements such as bending, flexing and extending of joints (Goldring Otero, 2011). Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs (Brown, 2009). Claire was diagnosed with osteoporosis thus she may have experienced certain clinical manifestations which are common in osteoporosis. Since Claire has sustained fractures in her left colle’s and right tibia/fibula she may experience acute pain during movement of her hands and legs (Brown, 2009). The fractures she received due to osteoporosis may limit her movement and affect the weight bearing capacity of her legs (Brown, 2009). With constant loss of bone at area of fractures, Claire may find it hard to stand erect and may stand in a stoop posture. Loss of height may occur due to increased bone loss (Brown, 2009). Post-operative nursing management of Claire involves a number of interventions to address the issues faced by Claire. In osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, the most common symptom experienced by patient is pain (Swift, 2012). Thus, the nurse’s interventions must be to reduce the pain, by doing a pain assessment through a recommended scale. The pain must be measured for areas affected, severity and Claire’s reporting of pain. The PRN medications must be administered to Claire as per prescription and timing must be noted for each medication and dose (Colon, 2012). The nurse should take care of any of Claire’s wounds through proper wound management interventions, in order to prevent inflammation and infection (Brown, 2009). Possibilities, of the fracture would mean Claire may stay in bed for a prolonged period, thus chances of having pressure ulcer increases. The same would apply for deep vein thrombosis which nurses can prevent by applying TED stockings (Brown, 2009) . Nurses must change her position every 2 hours and a pillow can be provided at pressure areas to Claire. Nutrients, fluid and diet management should be prepared with consultation with a dietician or a nutritionist (Brown, 2009). Physiotherapist interventions are required to assist her with walking and simultaneously the neurovascular assessment must be assessed by nurses to prevent neurovascular degeneration (colon, 2012). The immediate nursing interventions for Claire would be a primary assessment for immediate danger. The nurse should take a physical assessment on Claire, including assessing her airway patency and circulation. A pain assessment is essential as it provides the only way to ensure that management methods are appropriate and effective (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The nurse should carry out a pain assessment on Claire using the â€Å"PQRST† model. This type of pain assessment gives a detailed account of pain helping nurses to administer pain reduction medications keeping in mind the allergic reactions and six rights (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The nurse should document when analgesia was administered to Claire so other care team members will have a clear understanding of Claire’s pain (Brown, 2009). Claire must be assessed often for her presence of pain and she must be treated promptly and effectively (Elliott Coventry, 2012). A number of factors play an important role in eliciting complications (early and later) post fracture surgery. Complications which may be associated with Claire’s fracture surgery are; during surgery the skin and soft tissues are cut down to reach to the bones, thus chances of bacterial infections exist which can lead to fatal situations if not prevented properly (Brown, 2009). Another serious complication of fracture is compartment syndrome where it causes decreased capillary perfusion below the level necessary for tissue viability (Brown, 2009). Presence of other co morbidities can prolong the recovery stage. Venous thrombosis can also lead to a complication after fracture (Brown, 2009). Precipitating factor is venous stasis which can be caused by incorrectly applied casts to Claire (Brown, 2009). Another contributing factor for the fracture complication on Claire if not treated properly would be fat embolism syndrome where presence of systemic fat globules is distributed in to tissues and organs after a traumatic skeletal injury (Brown, 2009). Case study 2 Pathophysiology of gastro esophageal reflux disease is when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is attached to the stomach in the form of a plumbing circuit (Huether McCance, 2012). Any structural changes occurring in between the stomach and esophageal barrier associated with abnormal relaxation of LES can lead to gastro esophageal reflux disease (Huether McCance, 2012). Peptic ulcers occur with excess secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, this impairs the balance between gastric luminal factors and the action of the gastric mucosal barrier, (Huether McCance, 2012). The main functions of gastric mucosal barrier are; secretion of bicarbonate, defense of epithelial cells and mucosal blood flow. With increased secretion of acid, the mucosal barriers are affected and thus histamine is released. This activates the parietal cells to release more acids causing ulcers (Huether McCance, 2012). A clinical manifestation of peptic ulcers and gastro esophageal disease is heart burn, caused by acid reflux thus causing an inflamed esophagus (Huether McCance, 2012). Regurgitation occurs due to the loss of the mechanical barrier between the stomach and esophagus and is aggravated by gastric acid reflux. Justin may experience upper abdominal pain within an hour of eating meals (Huether McCance, 2012). Due to excessive diarrhea, skin may get irritated, red and swollen. The stool with blood in it may be black and have an offensive smell due to oxidation of hemoglobin (Huether McCance, 2012). The dysphagia experienced by Justin could be due intake of alcohol or acid containing food which leads to esophageal spasms (Huether McCance, 2012). Due to excessive fluid loss, nurses may have noted that Justin presented as dehydrated. One common cause of Justin’s peptic ulcer could be his lifestyle of takeaway meals such as fried food, eating spicy and junk foods which has been hypothesized as a causal factor for ulceration (Huether McCance, 2012). Another major cause could be infection of the gastric and duodenal mucosa with Helicobacter pylori and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially those that are classified as COX-1 inhibitors (Huether McCance, 2012). In Justin’s case, he has been buying over the counter medications for his chronic back pain which may increase the risk factor of gastric ulceration. The other associated factor would be alcohol consumption (Huether McCance, 2012). The medications commonly used to treat peptic ulcers are acid suppressor’s antacids such as ranitidine and famotidine; they form a foam barrier between the stomach and esophagus thus preventing acid reflux (Brown, 2009). Similarly the H2 antagonists help in reducing the acid secretion in the stomach leading to healing of ulcers (Brown, 2009). Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole are effective in decreasing acid secretion from the stomach. PPIs are used in combination with antibiotics to treat ulcers caused by H. pylori (Brown, 2009). Bowel preparation is the artificial method of removal of faeces from the colon in order to prepare Justin for any type of surgical procedure such as colonoscopy. The colons may have indigested food and fecal matters attached to them (Beck, 2010). The chances of infection increases if any surgical procedures are carried out nearby the colon area. Based upon Justin’s bowel movement patterns and stool characteristics he must be advised to go for a colon cleansing solution drink or laxative drink (Beck, 2010). This procedure can be done the day before scopes or some days before depending upon Justin’s condition. Enemas can also be administered based upon surgeons and specialists prescription. During the bowel preparation, nurses must keep in mind that Justin’s privacy must be maintained and hospital’s policies and procedures are followed. Documentation must be written in clear hand writing for other team members to read about Justin’s treatment (Blair Smith, 2012). Peptic ulcers are characterized by tarry and bloody stools due to ulcerations in gastrointestinal tract. Excessive blood loss can be fatal for Justin leading to unconsciousness and other complications, thus it is advised for nurses to check the amount of blood and blood type (clots) (Brown, 2009). This can help to determine the severity of the disease and further diagnosis. The nurse should help Justin to return to his bed as heavy loss of blood leads to fluid deficiency and lowering of blood pressure. Justin’s vital signs must be assessed and fluids must be provided to manage the deficiency (Brown, 2009). While checking Justin’s abdomen for firmness, tenderness and pain, curtains must be pulled to maintained Justin’s privacy. The findings must be documented and reported to the ward in charge doctor for further processing (Blair Smith, 2012). Post colonoscopy the nurse should manage Justin’s pain through an assessment of pain, using a severity scale on a specified area and administering PRN medications (Brown, 2009). In order to recover from injury caused by his condition and address other complications associated with the disease, Justin’s nutritional status and fluid balance should be maintained (Brown, 2009). Due to heavy blood loss and pain, the patient may feel frustrated and anxiety symptoms may develop. The nurse should calm Justin, establish effective communication and allow him to express his feelings (Brown, 2009). In conclusion, the conditions such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis can be disastrous to Claire as it can affect the quality of her life to a high degree. The case remains the same for peptic ulcer and gastro oesophageal disease and can affect the eating habits of Justin. Thus, it is important to address both patient’s pain level and other complications in order for them to be comfortable. The disease process can be controlled through nursing interventions along with other medical interventions such as surgery and pharmacological management. It is essential for nurses to know pathophysiology of conditions of both cases described above in order to best manage both patients’ issues.

Indian Economic Movements :: Essays Papers

Indian Economic Movements Net losses at Tata Engineering Co (Telco) rose to Rs 60.36 crore, even as it struggled to absorb the full commissioning costs of its Rs 1,700 crore passenger car project. Turnover during the quarter was more encouraging, jumping 52 per cent to Rs 2,390 crore on the back of strong volume growth in the medium & heavy commercial vehicles segment and higher passenger car sales. Telco said it expected to break even towards the end of the year. Analysts said the Pune-based auto major’s margins came under pressure following lower, less-than-anticipated, profitability in the ambitious Indica project, Telco’s answer to the assault of global car makers in the domestic market. Margins, they said, will remain under pressure thanks to the competition in the commercial vehicles and car businesses. The relatively-insulated commercial vehicles segment, for instance, will see Swedish truck major Volvo going into expansion mode and Eicher (a newcomer in this segment) will launch its HCV sometime this year. PRODUCTION of petroleum products has fallen by almost 30 per cent in the last four months following a severe drop in refinery margins. Indian Oil Corporation, Reliance Petroleum, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum are amongst the leading refinery companies who are likely to take a hit following the sharp increase in international crude prices which have been rising at a faster pace than the product prices. Standalone refineries like the Mangalore refinery have cut production by almost one-third. Crude throughput, (processing crude in the refineries) has fallen significantly forcing the government to increase product imports. But theres a risk of getting exposed to a more volatile product market and going in for short term deals which may not always be on the best rates. Sources claimed that they have been fortunate in being able to procure the products at reasonable rates. â€Å"However, this is not a favourable situation, and should be avoided,† industry experts said. Sources argued that the benefits of attaining self sufficiency in refining capacity are not being reaped as the domestic refineries cannot function at optimum margin levels under the given duty structure. Had the duties on crude been lower, refineries would be encouraged to import and produce. â€Å"Buying crude at $24 a barrel may still allow you to make your margins, but when you pay an additional $3 just as duties, selling products become unviable.† In an update on an

Role of Smallpox Vaccine in the Prevention and Treatment of Variola maj

Role of Smallpox Vaccine in the Prevention and Treatment of Variola major and Variola minor Smallpox has claimed the lives of many ever since the Middle Ages. However, it has now been eradicated due in part to a very effective vaccine. The vaccine has saved the lives of thousands and has eradicated the disease in the history of man kind. This miracle vaccine can greatly diminish the effects variola and even stop the disease from becoming fatal. The vaccine is also the only known way to fight the smallpox, and until an antiviral agent is found, it will be humanity’s only defense against this deadly and devastating disease. The pathogenic virus Variola causes the well-known and often deadly virus smallpox. Smallpox has been eradicated for about 25 years, mostly on the part of a successful vaccine. As mentioned earlier, Variola is a virus. There are three forms of the virus that are most prominent: variola, variola hemorrhagica, and varioloid. (2) All these viruses are classified as the cause of smallpox though simulate different symptoms. Any individual with any of these viruses can either have variola major or variola minor. Variola major is the more severe form of smallpox. (2) Unvaccinated patients diagnosed with variola major have a 30-50% fatality rate, while if the same patients had variola minor, they would have a 1-2% chance of death. (3) In vaccinated patients, only 3% of people diagnosed with variola major die. With a few exceptions, no vaccinated patients with the minor form of the disease have died. Smallpox is characterized by a series of symptoms. These symptoms will first occur within 7-17 days after exposure to the virus. (3) The symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting or severe muscles ac... ... may have been one of the most influential vaccines ever developed. Its role in the prevention of smallpox has been great. Role of Smallpox Vaccine†¦5 References 1. Center for Disease Control. (2004, December). Smallpox Disease Overview. Center for Disease Control. Date retrieved: July 12, 2005: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/overview/disease-facts.asp 2. Thomas, R. (1907). Variola. The Eclectic Practice of Medicine. Date retrieved: July 21, 2005: http://www.ibilio.org/herbmed/eclectic/thomas/smallpox.html 3. Utah Department of Health: Bureau of Epidemiology. (2002). Smallpox (Variola). Smallpox (Variola). Date retrieved: July 21, 2005: file:///X|/Epidemiology/ELS_old/epidemiology/epifacts/smallpox.html 4. World health Organization. Smallpox. World Health Org. Date retrieved: July 21, 2005: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheet/smallpox/en/print.html